Thursday, 9 June 2016

Baggage

Now that you have researched the masters of the short film it is time to do it yourself.

In English Literature lectures  you may have read about Willy Loman in  'Death of a Salesman.' The suitcase is metaphor for the burden of memory and regret that he carries around with him. 

In Wes Anderson's The Darjeeling Limited (2007) the characters are jettisoning metaphorical baggage as their search progresses. 11 Louis Vuitton bags are a ridiculous encumbrance for the journey they are undertaking. It looks wonderful and Anderson's unique, whimsical style slowly wins the viewer over. Look out for his films as he is one of the few director's of our time which we could term an 'auteur'.





In the Coen Brothers' 'Fargo' (1996) money is buried in a suitcase and it drives the narrative


A 'Great Whatsit?' is where the contents of a suitcase are mystically powerful. This has become a regular icon of intertextuality as films and television refrence this famous shot.



Kiss me Deadly (1955) is about nuclear paranoia and whatever is in the suitcase, all we know is that it is hot and it glows

Tarantino's Pulp Fiction (1994) made reference to many films and part of the fun is seeing where Tarantino alludes to popular culture and previous films. Since then this shot has almost become comedic in its use. It has even been used on The Simpsons.


Here is an analysis of the significance of the suitcase in the film.


You have been challenged by Tamworth TV to come up with a one minute drama.

Mind map ideas

What does the suitcase represent?

What is the suitcase a metaphor for?

  • Emotional baggage
  • Transience
  • Rootlessness
  • Unsettled nature
  • Hidden secrets
  • Paranoia

Think of a story where the suitcase is the key to the narrative.

Plan it out with your group.

  • Storyboard

  • Script
  •  
  • Film 
  •  
  • Edit



Lynne Ramsay Short Film 'Gasman'

 'Gasman'

Lynne Ramsay is one of our foremost directors and has a very definite style to her films.  I remember seeing her film 'Ratcatcher' for the first time and the impact that it had on me still has resonance. The shots seem to linger and what is in the frame tells the story rather than the script. In fact the broad Glaswegian accents may be quite impenetrable for some audiences but the visual language is more powerful as the audience is left to wonder at the imagery created which is full of meaning.


From 'Ratcatcher' this shot uses focus to linger on the detail and the framing foregrounds the tragedy in a more poetic way than a more graphic representation may.

Here is a clip form her feature film 'Ratcatcher'




From 'Gasman' 
 From 'We Need to talk about Kevin'

 Two shots from 'Gasman' where the detail is focused on and we don't see the whole frame.
Ramsay seems able to make the ordinary exquisitely beautiful through lighting and framing establishing the possibilities of film offering more than a representation of reality. Her films hint at what is often unsaid and the magical realms of the imagination.  We get to see where the minds of her characters go. For instance she unlocks the sense of a quietly borne burden of guilt weighing heavy on a young boys mind. The viewer is left to meditate on this in a series of images which seem to burn an imprint on the viewer's retina in this starkly beautiful close ups which say so much without words.



This analysis of the 'poetic details' in Ramsay's films will help your analysis of the short film 'Gasman'

Wider reading - Sight and Sound magazine

Discover the filmography and reda about their critical reception


Wednesday, 8 June 2016

Andrea Arnold Short Film 'Wasp'

WASP on Vimeo or click play for you-Tube





A starting point for A2 coursework is to research existing media texts to look for ideas and inspiration.

Andrea Arnold is a British director who won an OSCAR for her short film, 'Wasp'.

We watched and analysed the film in terms of;

Cinematography
Movement of the camera is constant giving the image a shaky feel. The effect is to provide a realist feel as if this is a fly on the wall documentary or cinema verite.  The lighting and set pieces in locations such as the pub and the estate provide a sense of realism which allows us to place ourselves in the action. Although a short film, it took us to this place due to its kinetic energy and the ability to bring the narrative to life.  There were a number of point of view shots from the child's perspective.

Acting styles
We discussed the ethics of using child actors and how a script would have been relevant but not of absolute importance. Legendary British directors such as Mike Leigh and Ken Loach have developed a very different style of film-making and acting to the conventional Hollywood film led by a script where the actor learns kines and steps up to the mark when necessary.  These British directors ask more from the actors in a collaborative approach where there is much improvisation. On a film like Vera Drake the family would not know that the mother is an abortionist until the police ring on the bell and when they find out their shock is real and their responses improvised. This is a risky method of film-making but can arguably lead to more raw and authentic performances.

Metaphor
Some critics would say that film cannot do metaphor but there are a number of symbolic signifiers in this short film. The vulnerability of the children is highlighted by signifiers of danger passing into shot as part of the mise-en-scene.  A bull terrier passes behind them, they walk across the motorway and play in a car park with the sound of traffic highlighted. Shots of a dolly in a pram are quick and sinister and lead us to think about the baby being wheeled around the car park like a plaything.  Then the threat of the Wasp itself continues this theme.

The Wasp
We discussed what the Wasp stands for and came up with differing ideas. It may be that the lead character is like a Wasp.  Wasps are good for nothing and their worth is questionable, when challenged and provoked they lash out and sting unconcerned about the consequences.  IN some ways we felt the character of the mother, Zoe, was waspish and selfish.  When Zoe lets the Wasp out of the window we felt this connection being made.

Messages
What does this film tell us about Child poverty? British society? Representation  of gender or class ?  Childhood ? Responsibility?  Parenting?

Narrative
We looked at two theorists and tried to apply their ideas.
Todorov's theory of equilibrium and Levi-Strauss' theory of binary oppositions


Wider reading about how the BBC partly funded the films of Andrea Arnold

Use Sight and Sound magazine to find out more about the filmography of Arnold.  She has recently released a new film set in America.

Look out for her amazing film 'Fish Tank' which is one of my top ten favourites of all time.

Wednesday, 27 April 2016

News Media and the Hiilsborough tragedy

 The Hillsborough rulings have once again brought traditional media and the newspaper industry into the spotlight and it is worth looking at this issue as an example of how traditional media could set the news agenda and establish lies as truth.  It has taken 26 years years to establish the truth and newspapers owned by Murdoch were complicit in covering up the true facts of the disaster.

Its is harder to conceal lies as truth in the age of social media and online media undermines attempts to conceal or misguide audiences, by misrepresenting the news.

Here is the original front page which caused such an outcry.

Sales of The Sun newspaper in Liverpool are still low as this representation caused such offence.  It took a long time for any apology to be issued.







It was very noticeable this week that the Murdoch press chose not to report the big story that was splashed over all other front pages.



They chose to go with...



By the time their omission had become obvious it was too late to change the print run.  They had to offer some explanation instead.



This shows that traditional media still set the news agenda but cannot control it, particularly any backlash as audiences now have the right and the means to reply and interact in web 2.0. and the age of 'we media'.


Galtung and Ruge established a system of news values to explain how traditional media set its news agenda.  Gain an understanding of this system.


Online media has changed how the news agenda is set and it is no longer totally dictated by 'Big' Media.






Thursday, 7 April 2016

ABC figures

Average daily browsers
Advertisement
MailOnline 14,383,578 (-2.55%)
theguardian.com 8,872,392 (1.23%)
Telegraph 4,328,890 (-6.13%)
Mirror Group Nationals 4,195,021 (-13.01%)
The Independent 2,921,273 (-12.31%)
The Sun 2,046,792 (7.16%)
Metro 1,188,978 (-16.16%)
express.co.uk 1,176,494 (-15.94%)
dailystar.co.uk 685,769 (-23.92%)
Evening Standard 479,367 (-4.53%)


Print Circulation
The Sun 1,741,838 (-2.53%)
Daily Mail 1,562,361 (-1.71%)
Metro 1,347,505 (-0.04%)
Evening Standard 902,005 (0.4%)
Daily Mirror 791,839 (-2.14%)
The Daily Telegraph 472,936 (0.19%)
Daily Star 472,869 (0.53%)
Daily Express 413,140 (1.09%)
The Times 402,752 (-0.35%)
i 269,628 (-0.82%)
Financial Times 195,515 (-1.37%)
Daily Record 174,525 (-1.34%)
The Guardian 161,152 (-1.83%)
The Independent 54,187 (-1.82%)

Analyse these figures to gain an understanding of the news media industry

Draw out several key points that you can use in your analysis.

Wider reading

Use these articles to further your understanding of news media

Cameron and the Panama Papers

Analysis of audience figures

 

Wednesday, 6 April 2016

News Media in the Online Age

Stories move fast in the online age and gain a momentum of their own.

We could say that unmediated news allows us to get the truth first hand.  An event that unfolds in real time through a feed is about as unmediated as it comes.  Shocking events such as the World Trade Center are memorable as  they were shared by viewers in real time. As the second plane hit the viewing audience were transfixed to the unfolding events on screen.  Most people can remember exactly where they were when this news ran.

Social media still mediates news but the control is less obvious and it is hard to say that they are the new 'gatekeepers'.  The difference is that traditional news media controlled the news to suit their own agendas or ideology.  This can still be seen in traditional media today.

Lets look at the newspapers for today.

The main news items are;

  • David Cameron avoiding questions about his father's involvement in tax evasion

  • The Panama Papers

  • Teenage killers of a vulnerable woman.

The front pages of newspapers look like this;










The news agenda is set  depending on the owner's political allegiance and their moral compass.

Some choose to pursue the potentially explosive story about tax evasion by the Prime Minister while others  choose to avoid it completely.  Some right wing papers serve up a diet of headlines about illegal immigration and the threat of terrorism.  Why do you think they do this?

On Tuesday these two front pages show how far apart the political divide is in representation of the news in traditional media such as newspapers.  The owners have the power to manipulate the message and to force feed us the news. This striking anomaly even went viral under the heading 'Walnuts'  as it was such a stark reminder of the manipulation of traditional media




The big question is has social media changed news media completely so that the power of these 'gatekeepers' has gone?

What power do the owners of news media still retain?

Who are the new gatekeepers?

How do you receive your news?

In what ways has social media transformed the way that we recieve the news?

The news story continues today as Cameron finally admits to once holding interests in a tax haven.

 Here are today's headlines;





What does this mean for the PM?

What do you think of his position in this affair?

What does this story show about the role of the news media industry ?

What can traditional media (newspapers) do with such a news story that online media cannot ?

Apply the theory of We Media by Dan Gillmor (Book: We The Media)

Wednesday, 20 January 2016

Modelling and Mock feedback

Firstly, consider your grade in light of the mark scheme and your target grade.


You need an introductory paragraph defining representation and class and status.

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Terms such as 'higher class' / 'lower class' were used but not explained. What do you mean by these terms?  Avoid generalisations.  


Note taking skills

Now make notes as we go through the extract together.

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I am going to go through the extract and add to your notes to draw out key points that you may have missed.

Modelling

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Denotation / Signifier (Denote an aspect of mise-en-scene)

Connotation / Signified (explain what it means - What are the connotations of each aspect of mise-en-scene?)


  • What is wrong with this description?

‘The old woman is wearing a red jacket, normal top and her hair is scruffy. She is represented as elderly and out of fashion…’

It could read;

‘Status is represented through aspects of mise-en-scene such as costume in this extract.  A retired woman is shopping for an outfit to her daughter’s wedding.  The audience empathise with this character as she is looking for something special to celebrate a key day.  Her frailty is made clear through her posture and request for assistance. Her costume indicates status as she has little need for fashion as she is dressed in unfashionable but functional clothing.  The representation of the shop assistant is therefore problematic for an audience as his reaction to this sympathetic character is appalling and highlights societies unbalanced moral values. This man judges the status of people on their wealth or the clothes that they wear.  He is therefore shallow and pretentious and representative of the twisted values of capitalist society.  He is almost two dimensional in his representation and his gullibility and worship of wealth as meaning status allows him to be drawn into the hustle by someone representing  a wealthy character. He is duped due to his own prejudices and the audience have no sympathy as this is a despicable trait.  He demeans and patronises the shopper through his choice of language….’



Her hairstyle connotes…



Her choice of clothing connotes…



The mode of address she uses when addressing the shopkeeper shows…



Her body language connotes..

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Likewise, identify the type of shot and then what bit shows

In this 'two shot' the woman is looking up to the shop assistant, indicating positions of power. The camera does this elsewhere placing the person in power in a higher position than the other.  The shopkeeper looks down upon the female shopper but looks up to the rich client.

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Explain why representation is important and worth studying. 

The makers have a short amount of time in this TV drama to indicate character.  It plays on pre-conceived ideas of class and status based on representation. The hustlers manipulate their prey by constructing representations which will appeal to his pretension, prejudices and aspiration.  He judges people by their looks and clothes so the drama uses mise en scene to create representations which will seduce the shop assistant and prey on his vanity. The message is, don’t judge people by first appearances.  In the words of the novelist Kurt Vonnegut. 'we are what we pretend to be so we must be careful what we pretend to be.’

Representations are paramount and allow us to understand characters in a short amount of time, driving the narrative forward.  They are carefully constructed to allow us to read the signals quickly and gain an understanding of the story.  The hustlers in this scene are all playing a part.  They are constructing a representative character that will play upon the prejudices and expectations of the shopkeeper who thinks status is indicated by wealth.  They disabuse him of this ideas and shame him by exploiting this character trait as a weakness. The audience have no sympathy for the shop-keeper as he is representative of a shallow character and a person with a high opinion of themselves. It also highlights the values of our society and the importance placed on wealth before such qualities as manners.  We are asked to challenge pre-conceived ideas about wealth and status and question perceptions of class.

Distinctions of class are more obscure in this clip and shown in the scene with them two men.  Costume is used once again to indicate class as the younger man wears jeans and the older man wears a suit…
Accents are also used to indicate working class characters and those who are middle class or who are aspiring to or affecting a middle class persona such as the shopkeeper…

 
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  • Try to explain why the clip is a rich text

I think this is a good clip as it shows how we can be taken in by constructed representations of clsaa or status.  The hustler acts in role as someone who has money and therefore status in the eyes of the shop-keeper.  It shows how we value money as a society, perhaps over more valuable traits such as being well mannered. 

  • If there is not much editing explain how continuity editing is important in a TV drama.
  • Maintain the quality to the end.
  • Point – evidence – explanation
 
Task - Responding to feedback


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Reflect upon your response in a paragraph. 

What would you do differently?

What have you learned?

What have you gained from feedback?

What have you gained from a analysing the clip as a a group?

How has the mock exam helped you to improve your mark/ understanding?

What do you need to work on ?

What help do you need?

Make a comment about achievement compared to your target grade.